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An extensive collection of insightful reviews on the best STEM books available. Whether you're a student looking to deepen your knowledge or something to aid your revision and research, an educator seeking great resources for your classroom, or simply a curious mind passionate about science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine and more, you'll find something here to inspire and inform you.  Discover Your Next Great Read Deep Dive into STEM Books Here you can explore an extensive collection of insightful reviews on the best STEM books available. Whether you're a student looking to deepen your knowledge or something to aid or complement your revision and research, an educator seeking great resources for your classroom, or simply a curious mind passionate about science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine and more, you'll find something here to inspire and inform you. Our Curated Selections: Intern Blues by Robert Marion, M.D. The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee The Molecule by Dr Rick Sax and Marta New

Scientia News is full of STEM blogs, articles and resources freely available across the globe for students. Browse all of our fascinating content written by students and professionals showing their passion in STEM and the other sciences. Log In Welcome to Scientia News DELIVERING INFORMATIVE CONTENT Scientia News is full of STEM blogs, articles and resources freely available across the globe for students. Browse all of our fascinating content written by students and professionals showing their passion in STEM and other sciences. We hope this platform helps you discover something that inspires your curiosity, and encourages you to learn more about important topics in STEM. Meet the Official Team NAVIGATE AND CLICK THE PHOTOS BELOW TO LEARN MORE ABOUT US! To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. To play, press and hold the enter key. To stop, release the enter key. Latest Articles chemistry Molecular blueprints: the synthesis of ibuprofen View More chemistry Looking at the rare earth elements View More biology Ethnic Health Inequalities View More pharmacology The promising effects of magic mushrooms for depression View More CONTACT CONTACT US Scientia News welcomes anyone who wants to share their ideas and write for our platform. If you are interested in realising your writing potential with us AND live in the UK; and/ or would like to give feedback: Email us at scientianewsorg@gmail.com or fill in our GET IN TOUCH form below and we'll be in contact... Follow us on our socials for the latest updates. Comment, like and share! Join our mailing list below for latest site content. You can also sign up to become a site member . SUBSCRIPTION Join our mailing list to receive alerts for new articles and other site content. Be sure to check your spam/ junk folders in case emails are sent there. Email Subscribe GET IN TOUCH First Name Last Name Email Message Send Thanks for submitting!

Landing on the moon (again!) Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Artemis: the Lunar South Pole Base 31/03/26, 17:16 Last updated: Published: 13/01/24, 15:44 Landing on the moon (again!) Humans have not visited the moon since 1972, but that’s about to change. Thanks to NASA’s Artemis missions, we have already taken the first small step towards our own lunar home for astronauts. NASA has established the second generation of its lunar missions- “Artemis”, fittingly named after the ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, and Apollo’s twin. The ultimate aim of the Artemis missions is to solidify a stepping stone to Mars. Technologies will be developed, tested, and perfected, before confidence is built to travel on to Mars. NASA has to consider the natural conditions of the Moon, since doing so will allow astronauts to limit their reliance on resources from Earth, and increase their length of stay and therefore potential for research. The amount achieved would be extremely limited if a lunar mission relied solely on resources from Earth, due to the limitation of rocket payloads. This is known as In-Situ Resource Utilisation, and in addition to extended lunar stays, its success on the Moon is essential if we hope to one day establish a base on Mars. As a priority, astronauts need to have access to energy and water. Luckily, the conditions at the lunar south pole may be ideal for this. Unlike Earth, where we experience seasons due to its 23.5° tilt, the Moon’s tilt is tiny, at only 1.5°. This means some areas at the lunar poles are almost always exposed to sunlight, providing a reliable source of solar energy generation for a potential Artemis Base Camp. And since the Sun is always near the horizon at the poles, there are even areas in deep craters that never see the light. These areas of “eternal darkness” can reach temperatures of -235°, possibly allowing astronauts access to water ice. Aside from access to resources, Artemis has to consider the dangers that come from living in space. Away from the safety of Earth’s protective atmosphere and magnetosphere, astronauts would be exposed to harsh solar winds and cosmic rays. To combat this, NASA hopes to make use of the terrain surrounding the base, highlighting another advantage of the hilly south pole. The exact location for the Artemis Base is currently undecided. We just know it will most likely be near a crater rim by the south pole, and on the Earth-facing side to allow for communication to and from Earth. Not only is the south pole ideal from a practical standpoint, it is also an area of exciting scientific interest. Scientists will have access to the South Pole–Aitken basin, not only the oldest and largest confirmed impact crater on the Moon, but the second largest confirmed impact crater in the entire Solar System. With a depth of up to 8.2 km, and diameter of 2500 km, it is thought this huge crater will contain exposed areas of lower crust and mantle, providing an insight into the Moon’s history and formation. Additionally, thanks to areas of “eternal darkness” the ice water found deep within craters at the south pole may hold trapped volatiles up to 3.94 billion years old, which, although not as ancient as previously expected, can still provide an insight into the evolution of the Moon. The scientific potential of the Artemis Base Camp extends far beyond location specific investigations to our most fundamental understanding of physics, from Quantum Physics to General Relativity. Not to mention the astronauts themselves, as well as “model organisms” which will be the focus of physiological studies into the effects of extreme space environments. Artemis Timeline Overview Artemis 1 launched on 16th November 2022. It successfully tested the use of two key elements of the Artemis mission- Orion and the Space Launch System (SLS)- with an orbit around the moon. Orion, named after the Goddess Artemis' hunting partner, is the spacecraft that will carry the Artemis crew into lunar orbit. It is carried by the SLS, NASA’s super heavy-lift rocket, one of the most powerful rockets in the world. The original plans to launch Artemis 2 in late 2024 were delayed due to a helium flow issue in the rocket’s upper section. These technical issues pushed the launch date for the first crewed Artemis mission back to April 2026. This 10-day journey includes a lunar flyby, bringing the four astronauts further than humans have ever travelled beyond Earth. Artemis 3 is planned for mid-2027. This mission, no longer crewed, will be a low-Earth orbit, aiming to test important technologies and equipment. Artemis 4 plans to launch in 2028. The mission will include the first use of Gateway, another key element to the Artemis missions. Gateway will be a multifunctional lunar space station, designed to transfer astronauts between Orion and HLS, as well as hosting astronauts to live and research in lunar orbit. Gateway will be constructed over Artemis 4-6 , with each mission completing an additional module. NASA plans to have Artemis missions extending for years beyond this, with over 10 proposed and more expected. Eventually we will have a working base on the Moon with astronauts able to stay for months at a time. Having already started a year ago, Artemis will continue to expand our horizons. We can look forward to uncovering long held secrets of the Moon, and soon, setting our sights confidently on Mars. Written by Imo Bell Related articles: Exploring Mercury / Fuel for the colonisation of Mars / Nuclear fusion REFERENCES How could we live on the Moon? - Institute of Physics. Available at: https://www.iop.org/explore-physics/moon/how-could-we-live-on-the-moon Understanding Physical Sciences on the Moon - NASA. Available at: https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/focus-areas/understanding-physical-sciences-on-themoon NASA’s Artemis Base Camp on the moon will need light, water, elevation - NASA. Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasas-artemis-base-camp-on-the-moon-will-need-light-water-elevation Zuber, M.T. et al. (1994) ‘The shape and internal structure of the Moon from the Clementine Mission’, Science, 266(5192), pp. 1839–1843. doi:10.1126/science.266.5192.1839. Flahaut, J. et al. (2020) ‘Regions of interest (ROI) for future exploration missions to the Lunar South Pole’, Planetary and Space Science, 180, p. 104750. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104750. Moriarty, D.P. et al. (2021) ‘The search for lunar mantle rocks exposed on the surface of the Moon’, Nature Communications, 12(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24626-3. Estimates of water ice on the Moon get a ‘dramatic’ downgrade - Physics World. Available at: https://physicsworld.com/a/estimates-of-water-ice-on-the-moon-get-a-dramatic-downgrade Biological Systems in the lunar environment - NASA. Available at: https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/focus-areas/biological-systems-in-the-lunar-environme Https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/artemis/NASA : Artemis - NASA. Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis Project Gallery

The specific research that was recognised for a Nobel Prize in Physics was the discovery of radioactivity. Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of energy, in the form of radiation, a term that Curie herself coined. Marie Curie researched whether uranium, a weakly radioactive element, was found in other materials. She then analysed pitchblende, Go Back Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link The Women who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics Last updated: 31/03/26 Published: 01/03/23 March is International Women’s month, so it seems like the perfect time to celebrate the women who have been awarded Nobel Prizes in Physics. There have only been a total of four women to receive this prestigious award, namely Marie Curie, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Donna Strickland, Andrea Ghez, and Anne L’Huillier. This article will detail the research each woman did to achieve the Nobel Prize, as well as the context of their discoveries. Pictured from left to right: Marie Curie, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Donna Strickland, Andrea Ghez and Anne L’Huillier. Marie Curie (1903) Arguably the most famous of these Nobel Prize winners, Marie Curie won her award for research on radioactive phenomena. Curie received half the Nobel Prize for Physics, shared with her husband, but at first, the committee had only intended to award it to him. This was the first Nobel Prize for Physics ever awarded to a woman. The specific research that was recognised for a Nobel Prize in Physics was the discovery of radioactivity. Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of energy, in the form of radiation, a term that Curie herself coined. Marie Curie researched whether uranium, a weakly radioactive element, was found in other materials. She then analysed pitchblende, a mineral made partially of uranium but had a higher amount of radiation. Curie investigated other elements that pitchblende could be made up of and, as a result of this, discovered new elements: polonium and radium. Following this, she had ambitions of obtaining pure radium, and following this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Maria Goeppert Mayer (1963) 60 years after Marie Curie was awarded her Nobel Prize for Physics, Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second female recipient. She received the Prize for her work in 1963 on the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. Goeppert Mayer shared her award with two other physicists who came to the same conclusion as her. The nuclear shell model describes the exact makeup of the atomic nucleus, through the exact numbers of protons and neutrons. Maria Goeppert Mayer’s mathematical work on this model described why there are certain amounts of neutrons and protons in stable atoms. She beautifully described the model in terms of waltzers dancing and spinning in circles. Donna Strickland (2018) The next female Nobel Prize in Physics award winner wouldn’t be until another half-century later, with Donna Strickland. Strickland was awarded the Prize for her work on chirped pulse amplification and its applications. Although the research itself was published in 1985, she didn’t receive the award until 2018. Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique that takes a very short laser pulse (a light flash) and makes it brighter. The technique is useful for making extremely precise cuts, so is used for many laser-related applications, such as laser eye surgery. The wide range of uses CPA has in medicine makes this an important discovery for physics which led to Strickland being awarded the Nobel Prize award. Andrea Ghez (2020) The result of the work of Andrea Ghez, the fourth female Nobel Prize in Physics recipient, may be the most exciting of the research described in this article, particularly for those interested in astrophysics. Ghez won the award for her role in discovering a black hole in the centre of our galaxy. A black hole is a very dense, compact object with gravity so strong that not even light can escape it. Until recently, physicists have not been able to visually observe black holes but instead can detect them by looking at how other objects, such as stars, behave around one. Andrea Ghez and her team used the movement of Sagittarius A* to prove that there was a black hole in the centre of the Milky Way. Anne L'Huillier (2023) The most recent female Nobel Prize in Physics recipient is Anne L’Huillier who, alongside two colleagues, was presented this award for “experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter,” according to the Nobel Prize organisation. What this means is that Dr. L’Huillier created a new and effective method for studying the behaviour of electrons inside atoms. By generating pulses of light each attosecond (a billionth of a billionth of a second), she is able to capture snapshots of electrons over time, allowing scientists to gain a better understanding of these particles. This has been deemed a huge breakthrough because electron dynamics are at the core of processes that create and maintain life. Written by Madeleine Hales Related articles: Female Nobel prize winners in chemistry / African-American women in cancer research

Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the year 2020, for their major contributions in reducing the number of components in the CRISPR-Cas9 system. An outline of their discovery CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) can be used, by removing, adding, or altering particular DNA sequences and may edit specific parts of the genome. Go Back Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Who were the winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020? Last updated: 07/11/24 Published: 02/02/23 Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the year 2020, for their major contributions in assembling and demonstrating Cas9 gene editing capabilities in vitro. An outline of their discovery Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) can be used, by removing, adding, or altering particular DNA sequences and may edit specific parts of the genome. A four-part mechanism called the Cas9 endonuclease consists of two small molecules. Charpentier discovered the tracrRNA, which, when combined with the crRNA (discovered in 2007 by a different group), they could assemble and demonstrate Cas9 gene editing capabilities in vitro. The two types of sequences were later combined to the now well-known "single-guide RNA" (sgRNA)- done in collaboration with Doudna in 2012. By combining these two RNA molecules into a sgRNA, the Cas9 endonuclease was redesigned into a more manageable two-component system that could locate and cut the DNA target defined by the guide RNA- CRISPR/Cas9 ‘genetic scissors’. It can silence or activate genes as well as add or remove others. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2020 in recognition of this contribution. Some advantages of this technology: quick easy adaptable innovative, unique Disadvantages: distribution challenges extremely conservative ethical issues some off-target effects some negative outcomes Significance of this discovery This discovery is important in preventing disease and is such a revolutionary tool. It does not just help humans but also animals, plants and even bacteria. CRISPR has already been applied to various disorders, such as cancer and infectious diseases. By making it possible to make changes to the target cells' genomes, which were previously challenging to do, the procedure offers a new perspective on biological treatment and demonstrates how important this tool is. But since this technology is still recent, scientists must develop straightforward processes and techniques to monitor and test its progress, performance, and outcomes. Jennifer Doudna Hailing from Washington DC., USA, Jennifer Doudna was born in 1964. As a professor of biochemistry, biophysics, and structural biology, Doudna’s main research focus is on RNA, and its variety of structures and functions. It was her research lab’s work that led to the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 as an extraordinarily powerful tool to cut and edit the human genome to treat disease. This remarkable discovery was a decade ago in 2012, when Doudna and others were able to copy a bacterial system to create molecular scissors, in order to edit the genetic code. In October 2020, at the time of her being awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Doudna was affiliated to the University of Berkeley, in California. Emmanuelle Charpentier Coming from a French background, Emmanuelle Charpentier is a professor and researcher in microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry. Born in 1968, researcher Charpentier has made tremendous progress in her respective field. From being the director at the Berlin Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in 2015, to founding her own independent research institute- the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in the year 2018, and of course being jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020; it is true that Charpentier has added new, valuable research in her work and has come a long way in her career. Why the CRISPR/ Cas9 system fascinates us We find CRISPR fascinating because as biological science students, we know this tool is vital for genetics and can help cure present incurable diseases such as sickle cell disease as well as cancer, showing what a revolutionary tool this is. It does not just help humans but also animals, plants and even bacteria showing how broad biology is and different fields can be linked to one another. Researchers are constantly coming up with new ways to use CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to solve problems in the real world, such as epigenome editing, new cell and gene therapies, infectious disease research, and the conservation of endangered species. The advantages of this technology are that it is quick, easy and adaptable, but its disadvantages include distribution challenges, extremely conservative ethical issues, some off-target effects, and some negative outcomes. By making it possible to make changes to the target cells' genomes, which were previously challenging to do, the procedure offers a new perspective on biological treatment and demonstrates how important this tool is. Written by Jeevana Thavarajah, and Manisha Halkhoree Scientia News founder and managing director Related articles: Female Nobel prize winners in Chemistry and in Physics

The yearly incidence of TBI is around 27 and 69 million people worldwide Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Beyond the bump: unravelling traumatic brain injuries 30/03/26, 17:08 Last updated: Published: 15/10/24, 11:32 The yearly incidence of TBI is around 27 and 69 million people worldwide A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious and complex injuries sustained by the human body, often with profound and long-term effects on an individual’s physical, emotional, behavioural and cognitive abilities. What is a traumatic brain injury? A TBI results from an external force which causes structural and physical damage to the brain. The primary injury refers to the immediate damage to the brain tissue which is caused directly by the event. Whereas secondary injuries result from the cascade of cellular and molecular processes triggered by the initial injury and develop from hours to weeks following the initial TBI. Typically, the injury can be penetrating, where an object pierces the skull and damages the brain, or non-penetrating which occurs when the external force is large enough to shake the brain within the skull causing coup- contrecoup damage. Diagnosis and severity The severity of a TBI is classified as either mild (aka concussion), moderate, or severe, using a variety of indices. Whilst more than 75% of TBIs are mild, even these individuals can suffer long-term consequences from post-concussion syndrome. Here are two commonly used measures to initially classify severity: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is an initial neurological examination which assesses severity based on the patient’s ability to open their eyes, move, and respond verbally. It is a strong indicator of whether an injury is mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) or severe (≤8). Following the injury and any period of unconsciousness, when a patient has trouble with their memory and is confused, they are said to have post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). This is another measure of injury severity and lasts up to 30 minutes in mild TBI, between 30 minutes and 24 hours in moderate TBI, and over 24 hours in severe TBI. Imaging tests including CT scans and MRIs are used to detect brain bleeds, swelling or any other damage. These tests are essential upon arrival to the hospital, especially in moderate and severe cases to understand the full extent of the injury. Leading causes of TBI Common causes of TBI are a result of: Falls (most common in young children and older adults) Vehicle collisions (road traffic accidents- RTAs) Inter-personal violence Sports injuries Explosive blasts Interestingly, the rate of TBI is 1.5 times more common in men than women. General symptoms The symptoms and outcome of a TBI depend on the severity and location of the injury. They differ from person to person based on a range of factors which include pre-injury sociodemographic vulnerabilities including age, sex and level of education, as well as premorbid mental illnesses. There are also post-injury factors such as access to rehabilitation and psychosocial support which influence recovery. Due to this, nobody will have the same experience of a TBI, however there are some effects which are more common than others which are described: Mild TBI: Physical symptoms: headaches, dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Cognitive symptoms: confusion, trouble concentrating, difficulty with memory or disorientation. Emotional symptoms: mood swings, irritability, depression or anxiety. Moderate-to-severe TBI: Behavioural symptoms: aggression, personality change, disinhibition, impulsiveness. Cognitive symptoms: difficulties with attention and concentration, decision making, memory, executive dysfunction, information processing, motivation, language, reasoning, self-awareness. Physical symptoms: headaches, seizures, speech problems, fatigue, weakness or paralysis. Many of these symptoms are ‘hidden’ and can often impact functional outcomes for an individual, such as their capacity for employment and daily living (i.e. washing, cooking, cleaning etc.). The long-term effects of TBI can vary, with some returning to normal functioning. However, others might experience lifelong disabilities and require adjustments in their daily lives. For more information and support, there are some great resources on the Headway website, a leading charity which supports individuals after brain injury. Written by Alice Jayne Greenan Related articles: Why brain injuries affect adults and children differently / Neuroimaging / Different types of seizures Project Gallery

Also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link What does depression do to your brain? 30/03/26, 17:10 Last updated: Published: 10/10/24, 11:19 Also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) This is Article 1 in a series on psychiatric disorders and the brain. Next article: Inside out: the chemistry of depression. -- I affect 4% of the population wide, With 332 million voices struggling inside. In women, my reach is 6%, And 5.7% of those over 60 feel me. Among new mothers, I reach 10%, With over 700,000 lost to my torment each year. What am I? Depression. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder that costs both money and lives. -- Also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), depression is a heterogenous disease, which means the manifestation of the disorder is influenced by multiple genes. It is commonly known that consistent low mood, loss of interest in hobbies you used to enjoy, lethargy, feeling of hopelessness etc. are physical symptoms of depression. However, have you ever wondered what happens in the brain in a depression sufferer, from the neuroscience aspect? Structurally, research into the neuroscience of depression reveals significant structural abnormalities in the brains of affected individuals. Studies using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown that those with MDD show reductions in gray matter volume in regions responsible for emotion regulation. The limbic system of the brain is responsible for producing and regulating emotions. In depressed individuals, the hippocampus—a key component of the limbic system—shows reduced gray matter volume, which is linked to abnormalities in the associated white matter tracts. White matter consists of myelinated axons that facilitate communication between different brain regions, while grey matter contains the neuronal cell bodies responsible for processing information. The presence of abnormalities in white matter suggests a disconnection between regions within the limbic system, potentially impairing their ability to communicate effectively. This disconnection may contribute to the emotional dysregulation observed in depression, highlighting the intricate relationship between grey and white matter in the pathology of this disorder. Depression is a complex disorder that not only affects mood but changes the structure and function of the brain. By understanding the neurobiological changes—including reductions in grey matter and white matter disconnections—we can better grasp the pathogenesis of this condition. Continued research in the neuroscience behind depression is essential for developing more effective treatments. There is still much more to explore and understand in depression research; with each new discovery, we realise how much more there is to learn. Written by Chloe Kam Related articles: Depression in children / Psilocybin mushrooms as treatment for depression Project Gallery

A collaboration with the Mesothelioma Center (Asbestos.com), USA Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Breast Cancer and Asbestos 30/03/26, 17:06 Last updated: Published: 06/06/23, 10:03 A collaboration with the Mesothelioma Center (Asbestos.com), USA Breast cancer is a prevalent disease characterised by abnormal cell growth in the breast. There are various types of breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, Paget's disease, medullary mucinous carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer. In 2022, approximately 287,850 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Natural risk factors for breast cancer include gender, age, race, early onset of menstruation, family history, and genetics. Environmental factors, such as exposure to radiation, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals, may also contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. Some studies have suggested a possible connection between asbestos exposure and breast cancer. While the link between asbestos and other health conditions like mesothelioma cancer is well-established, the exact relationship between asbestos and breast cancer remains unclear. Statistical significance refers to the level of confidence in the results of a study or experiment. In the context of studies investigating the correlation between asbestos exposure and breast cancer, Dr Debra David points out that many studies fail to establish a conclusive link due to a lack of statistical significance. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer, known as "partial risk factors." Some of these factors can be controlled by individuals, such as alcohol consumption. However, many other partial risk factors are not within an individual's control without compromising their overall health. For example, receiving radiation therapy to the chest or making decisions regarding childbirth can be deeply personal choices that impact breast cancer risk. Examples of partial risk factors include consuming more than two alcoholic drinks per day, having children after the age of 30, not having children, not breastfeeding, using the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent miscarriage, recent use of birth control pills, receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), undergoing radiation therapy to the chest area, and exposure to toxic substances or carcinogens. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 5 to 10% of breast cancer cases can be directly attributed to inherited gene mutations. However, many other factors, such as exposure to carcinogens, may be beyond a cancer patient's control. Summary written by the Mesothelioma Center ( Asbestos.com ) For more information, visit their website , and also read important facts breast cancer and mesothelioma survival rate . For further information, particularly the legal consequences, check out the Lanier Law Firm, which has more specific information . Asbestos was widely used throughout the military, and while we now understand the severe health risks it poses, the damage has unfortunately already been done for many veterans. To raise awareness and help veterans understand their risks, we’ve put together a guide that outlines 20 ways asbestos was used in the military . Project Gallery

Have you perform the wrong exercises – You must keep revising your exercises and keep upgrading your knowledge about the proper use of equipment, and everything else related to fitness so that you don’t make any mistake in giving your clients the wrong exercises Go back Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Examples of negligence in personal training on the impact of physiology Last updated: 25/02/26 Published: 26/01/23 Negligence in personal training is a failure to look after clients to avoid them getting injured while training. There are many ways this can happen, below are some examples of negligence in personal training. Making use of equipment that is defective – Using a defective equipment can easily lead to injury or at least poor exercising form. Trainers should be able to differentiate between effective and defective equipment if they want to avoid negligence in training their clients. In that scenario, the best thing a personal trainer can do is to repair the equipment or replace it with new ones instead of putting a ‘defect’ or ‘out of order’ sign on it. An example is the case Stewart v. Fitness First (2024). Telling you to lift too much weight – You can’t just tell your clients to lift too much weight without even knowing their capacity, their way of eating and experience from past training. This is irrational and unprofessional, thus neglecting your clients directly which can lead to causing them injuries like muscle tears, muscle strains and even worse, a wrong death. Have you perform the wrong exercises – You must keep revising your exercises and keep upgrading your knowledge about the proper use of equipment, and everything else related to fitness so that you don’t make any mistake in giving your clients the wrong exercises to do that can lead to stopping them from achieving their desired physiques, and fitness goals. Muscle imbalances will occur as well if not done properly. Make you exercise for too long – Exercising for too long can cause excess fatigue and can lead to muscle strains and sprains. Coaches must not let their clients push themselves too far. It may sound cool but it is not really healthy. Everything we do must be done in an appropriate manner to avoid consequences that will harm us. Written by Kushwant Nathoo Related articles: A perspective on well-being / Gentrification in the context of health

An individual may be restricted to a certain range of physical activities which they can participate in. Individuals are usually reliant on the surrounding environment and the maintenance of facilities. If they are not kept well maintained, individuals are usually discouraged. Go back Facebook X (Twitter) WhatsApp LinkedIn Pinterest Copy link Influence of different environmental factors on exercise Last updated: 25/02/26 Published: 10/02/23 The characteristics of environmental factors: - Chemical safety - Air pollution - Climate change and natural disasters - Diseases caused by microbes - Lack of access to health care - Infrastructure issues - Poor water quality - Global environmental issues What are the impacts of these environmental influences on physical activity? An individual may be restricted to a certain range of physical activities which they can participate in. Individuals are usually reliant on the surrounding environment and the maintenance of facilities. If they are not kept well maintained, individuals are usually discouraged. The physiological effect on training: Climate change will disproportionately affect the most vulnerable in our populations, including the very young, the very old, and those with pre-existing health conditions. Training adjustments to compensate for the influence of environmental factors on training: - Treatments for heat stress- stop exercising / move to a shaded or air-conditioned area / remove excess clothing or equipment / drink cold beverages / sit in front of a fan / put a cool piece of cloth around neck / place entire body in cool water e.g. cool bath or shower - Treatments for cold stress- move to a warm environment / remove cold and wet clothes / find access to warm air such as heaters, or fireplace / use electric or non-electric blankets / drink warm beverages There is also the concept of blue and green exercise. This refers to physical activity performed in natural environments, specifically in areas with vegetation (green) or water (blue). Combining both, such as running along a coastal path, maximises benefits, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression while improving mood, self-esteem and cognitive function. Written by Kushwant Nathoo Related articles: Impacts of negligent exercise on physiology / Physical and mental health / Environmental impact of EVs